Aging Gracefully: A Qualitative Exploration of Hidden Determinants of Healthy Aging among the Elderly in Lucknow, India

Abstract

Introduction: With increasing life expectancy, only a fraction of older adults manage to retain optimal health and functionality. Understanding the determinants of healthy aging among elderly individuals who remain free from chronic diseases is critical to promote independence and well-being in later life. To explore lifestyle practices, dietary habits, social behaviours, and personal perceptions of elderly individuals (≥60 years) who have successfully maintained good health without chronic illness. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from 12 May 2023 to 31 December 2023 in rural and urban areas of Lucknow. Five purposively selected participants aged 60 years and above were interviewed in depth on their lifestyle, diet, social behaviour, and perceptions of health. All interviews were audio-recorded with informed consent, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Codes and categories were generated through iterative comparison of emerging patterns. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Thematic analysis revealed core themes for healthy ageing including engagement in regular physical activity, structured lifestyle routines, stress and mental health management, abstinence from harmful substances, community health and hygiene awareness, and culturally grounded dietary practices. Across diverse educational and socioeconomic backgrounds, participants reported sustained functional independence, emotional resilience, and a proactive health orientation. Conclusion: Participants perceived physical activity, healthy dietary habits, spiritual practices, avoidance of harmful behaviours, and social connections as important for healthy aging. These findings provide insights for designing community-based strategies and policy initiatives that support healthy aging in the Indian context.